Radiological hazard assessment of radionuclides in soils from Okitipupa waste dumpsites
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study assesses the radiological hazards of soils from dumpsites by measuring the activity concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th, and 40 K using a thallium-doped sodium iodide detector system on 20 soil samples collected from waste dumpsites along Ore, Idepe, Market, and Doctor’s roads, Okitipupa, Ondo State. The average activity concentrations of 238 U, 232 Th, and 40 K in soil samples from waste dumpsites were as follows: Ore Road (18.44 ± 7.28, 10.17 ± 3.47, 42.34 ± 18.29 Bq/kg), Idepe Road (123.58 ± 19.72, 28.24 ± 4.26, 373.26 ± 14.33 Bq/kg), Market Road (55.15 ± 2.71, 14.28 ± 3.31, 303.22 ± 13.96 Bq/kg), and Doctor’s Road (89.49 ± 10.41, 19.04 ± 3.90, 215.35 ± 25.62 Bq/kg). While 232 Th and 40 K levels were below global averages, 238 U exceeded 33 Bq/kg, indicating potential health risks. The study calculated radiological risk indices, indicating low potential radiation exposure while emphasising the need for ongoing monitoring due to long-term implications, providing valuable insights for improving waste management policies and public health interventions in Nigeria and similar regions worldwide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".