Evaluation of a patient‐specific <scp>3D</scp> ‐printed guide for ventral slot surgery in dogs: An ex vivo study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of ventral slot creation in canine cadavers with a three-dimensional (3D)-printed drill guide compared to the freehand technique. STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Eight canine cadavers (23.4-39.8 kg). METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) data was used to create patient-specific 3D-printed surgical guides for ventral slot creation. Intervertebral sites were randomized to undergo either a guided (n = 12) or freehand (n = 12) ventral slot by a novice surgery resident. Postoperative CT images were used to compare ventral slot dimensions, shape, and position. RESULTS: Free-hand ventral slots were significantly shorter than the intended dimensions (p < .01). Dimensions of the guide-assisted ventral slots were not statistically different from the planned dimensions (p = .88, p = .72). Use of the guides resulted in improved accuracy for ventral slot positioning relative to midline and slot shape (difference in coefficient of variations, 32%, and 40%, respectively). CONCLUSION: Ventral slot dimensions were more accurate when created with the patient-specific 3D-printed guide compared to the freehand technique. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Use of a 3D-printed patient specific surgical guide improves accuracy of ventral slot creation in canine cadavers and improves surgical precision when used by a single novice surgical resident. The results of this study support evaluation of the guides in small breed cadavers and live patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".