Impact of 2021 World Health Organization Grading, Peritumoral Edema, and Radiotherapy on the Recurrence of a Grossly Resected Intracranial Meningiomas: A Ten-Year Follow-Up Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The significance of histological grading and peritumoral edema (PTE) in predicting intracranial meningioma recurrence among Saudis is often neglected. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these factors over a 10-year follow-up period. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 124 patients with intracranial meningioma was analyzed over the period from 2011 to 2021. All patients underwent gross total resection (GTR) of the tumor. Post-surgical radiotherapy (RT) was offered to patients with grade II-III meningiomas. The impact of histological grading, PTE, and RT on the recurrence-free interval (RFI) was investigated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 49 years (range: 18 - 84), with 87 females (70.2%) and 37 males (29.8%). Most tumors (88.7%, n = 110) were supratentorial, while 11.3% (n = 14) were infratentorial. The World Health Organization (WHO) grading classified 101 tumors (81.5%) as grade I, 17 (13.7%) as grade II, and six (4.8%) patients as grade III. Grading was significantly associated with RFI (P = 0.013), with grade I meningiomas having the slowest recurrence. The overall recurrence rate was 16.9%, with 38.1% (n = 8) of grade I and 61.9% (n = 13) of grade II-III meningiomas recurring within 5 years post-GTR and RT. There was no significant difference in RFI between RT-exposed and non-exposed patients (P = 0.15). PTE was present in 76 cases (61.3%) and absent in 48 (38.7%), significantly affecting RFI (P = 0.014), with shorter RFI in PTE cases. Overall, 95.2% (n = 118) of patients survived, while 4.8% (n = 6) died; five had grade II-III, and one had grade I meningioma. Conclusions: Totally, resected intracranial meningiomas with grade II-III features and PTE were associated with earlier tumor recurrence and poorer patient survival. Post-surgical RT had an insignificant effect on the RFI.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".