Cerebellum abnormalities in vascular mild cognitive impairment with depression symptom patients: A multimodal magnetic resonance imaging study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) frequently occurs alongside depression symptoms, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. While cognitive decline and depression symptoms are linked to cerebellar changes, the specific relationship between these changes and cognitive status in svMCI patients with depression symptoms remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigates the gray matter volume and functional alterations in the cerebellum of svMCI patients, with and without depression symptoms, and their correlation with cognitive and depressive symptoms. METHODS: We enrolled 16 svMCI patients with depression symptoms (svMCI+D), 15 without (svMCI-D), and 12 normal controls (NC). Multimodal MRI scans were conducted, assessing gray matter volume and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in the cerebellum. Correlations between RSFC and clinical scores from the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were analyzed. RESULTS: Structural analysis indicated gray matter atrophy in left cerebellar lobules I_IV and VI (Cere6.L) in svMCI patients. svMCI+D patients showed reduced RSFC between Cere6.L and left cerebellar region IX and the left superior frontal gyrus (SFGdor.L). Both svMCI+D and svMCI-D groups showed increased RSFC between Cere6.L and the right caudate nucleus. RSFC between Cere6.L and SFGdor.L correlated negatively with HAMD scores in svMCI+D and positively with MoCA scores in svMCI-D. RSFC between Cere6.L and the right caudate nucleus also correlated positively with MoCA in the svMCI-D. CONCLUSION: Cerebellar abnormalities, including the gray matter atrophy and RSFC changes, are associated with svMCI, particularly when depression symptoms are present. These results suggest potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications for svMCI and emphasize the need for further research on the cerebellum's role in cognitive and emotional disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".