Cellular responses of lung cells cultured at an air-liquid interface are influenced by spatial nanoparticle deposition patterns in an <i>in vitro</i> aerosol exposure system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The deposition of inhaled particles is typically highly localized in both the bronchial and alveolar region of the lung displaying spot-like, line-like and other deposition patterns. However, knowledge is very limited on how different deposition patterns may influence downstream cellular responses. In this study, the Dosimetric Aerosol in Vitro Inhalation Device (DAVID) was used for dose-controlled deposition of cupric oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) in four different patterns (i.e., spot, ring, line and circle) on human alveolar A549 cells cultured at an air-liquid interface (ALI). After CuONPs deposition (<15 min) and a 24 h incubation phase, cell viability, apoptotic/necrotic cell count, and gene expressions were measured. At the lowest dose of ∼5 µg/cm2, the line pattern resulted in the lowest viability of cells (57%), followed by the spot pattern (85%) while the ring and circle patterns exhibited >90% viability, compared to the particle free air control. At the highest dose of ∼20 µg/cm2, the viability reduced to 44%-60% for all patterns. Also, the gene profile was found to depend on deposition pattern. The results demonstrate that deposition pattern is a critical parameter influencing cellular response, thus an important parameter to consider in toxicity and drug delivery studies. Furthermore, the ability of DAVID to control the delivery of aerosolized particles in various deposition patterns was demonstrated, which enables implementation of nonhomogeneous particle deposition patterns that mimic real-life human inhalation exposures in future in vitro toxicology studies.Copyright © 2025 American Association for Aerosol Research
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".