Bibliographic record
Abstract
The distribution and behavior of tintinnids Stenosernella nucula have been measured in situ within a microlayer formed by 39 million individuals⋅liter–1 with an optical particle counting- and imaging-system. The parallel propulsions of the many animals add up and drive strong downwelling water currents. Preliminary results for swimming-speeds, -directions and organism-distributions are presented. Probably due to gyrotaxis (Kessler, 1985, 1986) or some unknown bio/physical processes the organisms are focused into their self-generated velocity profile. Similar phenomena have been described for very dense plankton cultures as “bioconvection” (Childress et al., 1975a, 1975b; Platt, 1961; Plesset and Winet, 1974; Plesset et al., 1975). The micropatches are 2–4 mm wide and 8–340 mm deep with organism concentrations up to 215 million tintinnids⋅liter–1. The flows form small convection cells similar to Langmuir- or Benard-cells with distances between the patches of 8–30 mm. At the edge of the downwelling areas water velocity increases from near zero to 2–3 mm per s over a vertical distance of less than 1 mm resulting in considerable shear. Some ecological consequences of these microturbulences and microdistributions for predator-prey relationships and particle transports in eutrophic estuaries are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.992 | 0.998 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".