Pyrolysis kinetics of the carbonization of high‐sulphur anthracite for activated carbon production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The knowledge of pyrolysis kinetics of coal carbonization is essential for the optimization of reactor design and operation for activated carbon production. In the current work, non‐isothermal thermodynamics is used to study the pyrolysis process in the preparation of activated carbon from the high‐sulphur anthracite. It is seen that the co‐pyrolysis of multi‐component coal mixtures can significantly decrease the initial reaction Ea. With a heating rate of 5–20 K/min, the Ea is found to be 18–314 KJ/mol by the distributed activation energy model (DEAM). The similar Ea values of 18–314 KJ/mol and 25–344 KJ/mol are obtained by the integral isoconversional methods of Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS), respectively. With the increase of pyrolysis degree, the required activation energy increases accordingly. Based on the KAS model, the pyrolysis kinetic equations of high‐sulphur anthracite and its blended coal were derived using the master curve method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".