Biocontrol of the pine processionary moth, <i>Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni</i> (Tams.) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) by forest-derived entomopathogenic fungi
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The pine processionary moth (PPM), Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni Tams. (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae), is an important forest pest in the Mediterranean region. This study demonstrated for the first time the biocontrol potential of entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) isolated from pine forest soils on Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni. The identity of five isolates obtained by the Tenebrio-bait method was established by macroscopic and microscopic features and ITS-rDNA sequencing. Pathogenicity and virulence of novel indigenous isolates on fourth stage larvae of Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni were then determined. PPM1, PPM3, and PPM5 were identified as Beauveria bassiana Vuill. (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae); PPM2 and PPM4 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae). All isolates were found to be pathogenic at a concentration of 10 7 conidia/mL, with virulence varying between 15% and 100%. The pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum on Thaumetopoea wilkinsoni was demonstrated for the first time in this study and its virulence was determined to be 76%. In addition, the virulence of Beauveria bassiana PPM1 isolate reached 100% at a concentration of 10 7 conidia/mL 14 days after treatment. Moreover, the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) required to kill 50% of the larval population was estimated to be 5.7 × 10 3 conidia/mL. Our results are important to improve the application of new EPF species as biological control agents in pest management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".