Retinal ischemia: Therapeutic effects and mechanisms of paeoniflorin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aims/Purpose: Retinal ischemia‐associated ocular disorders are vision threatening. The aim of the present study is to assess the potential of paeoniflorin in alleviating retinal ischemic injury and to uncover the mechanisms involved. Methods: Cultured retinal cells were subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD; N2/CO2/O2: 95 %/5 %/1 %) with pre‐OGD (1h) administration of paeoniflorin (0.25/0.5 mM). The cell viability were evaluated by MTT assay. High intraocular pressure‐induced retinal ischemia (I) was established by raising IOP to 120 mmHg for 60 minutes followed by reperfusion (R) for 7 days in an ischemic eye in a Wistar rat. The physiological effects of the retina were evaluated by electrophysiology and fluorogold retrograde labelling RGCs. The protein levels of angiopoietin, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), Wnt3a and β‐catenin were assessed by Western blotting. Results: Pre‐ischemic administration of paeoniflorin dose‐dependently (less effect at 0.25 mM) and significantly (p < 0.05; 0.5 mM) alleviated OGD induced significant (p < 0.001) decrease in RGC‐5 cell viability. Furthermore, pre‐ischemic administration of paeoniflorin dose‐dependently (less effect at 0.25 mM) and significantly (p < 0.05/p < 0.001; 0.5 mM) attenuated ischemia‐induced significant (p < 0.001/p < 0.05) reduction in ERG b‐wave amplitude/RGC cell number. Compared to eyes treated with vehicle, paeoniflorin (p < 0.05/p < 0.01/p < 0.05; 0.5 mM) seemed to protect against retinal ischemia by regulating angiopoietin, β‐catenin, WNT and PKM2 expression. Conclusions: The treatment with paeoniflorin is able to effectively reduce retinal ischemia by affecting angiopoietin, β‐catenin, WNT and PKM2 biomarkers. References Windsor Wen‐Jin Chao, Howard Wen‐Haur Chao, Hung‐Fu Lee, Hsiao‐Ming Chao. The Effect of S‐Allyl L‐Cysteine on Retinal Ischemia: The Contributions of MCP‐1 and PKM2 in the Underlying Medicinal Properties. Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 22; 25(2): 1349. Chao HM, Osborne NN. Topically applied clonidine protects the rat retina from ischaemia/reperfusion by stimulating alpha(2)‐adrenoceptors and not by an action on imidazoline receptors. Brain Res. 2001 Jun 15; 904(1): 126‐36.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".