Daily and seasonal spatial behaviour of waved whelk <i>Buccinum undatum</i>: implications for fishery management and restoration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many marine invertebrate fisheries are vulnerable to overexploitation and require conservation measures to ensure their sustainability. In recent years, landings of waved whelk Buccinum undatum (Linnaeus, 1758) have fallen considerably along the coasts of the St. Lawrence (Canada), dropping by up to 76% in some fishing areas. Local overfishing may be explained, in part, by the species’ oviparous reproduction, which limits larval dispersion and population interactions. Using a 2-year long-term acoustic telemetry study, we tracked 20 individuals to assess their general movement behaviour and potential to disperse within an area. Tagged individuals displayed considerable daily movements (from a mean of 2 to 16 m/h), with no sensible differences between day and night. Both speed and habitat usage potential (HUP) varied among seasons, most likely due to the species' reproductive cycle: HUP was significantly larger during the breeding season of May (4570 m2) and June (2779 m2) than in the preceding winter months (1046 m2). Although some individuals moved over a considerable depth range, we did not observe seasonality over the bathymetric gradient of the area. Overall, the species' restricted HUP limits individual dispersal, resulting in very poor connections between neighbouring populations and making Buccinum undatum vulnerable to local overfishing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".