Advanced paranasal sinuses osteomas: a retrospective multicentric analysis on surgical management outcomes and intra- and postsurgical complications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study examines the management and outcomes of large paranasal sinus osteomas (PSO), especially those abutting or encasing critical structures of the skull base and orbit. METHODOLOGY: A multicentric retrospective analysis was conducted between June 2007 and September 2023. The study included surgically treated (regardless the type of approach chosen) PSO, exceeding 3 cm in diameter and/or located in critical anatomical areas. An analysis was performed to assess the association between the critical relationships, size, presence of residual disease, and incidence of intra- and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The series included 160 patients. Most PSO were diagnosed due to clinical symptoms, predominantly for those located in the frontal sinus. Residual disease was observed in 9.4% of patients, with its occurrence influenced by PSO size and relationships with specific anatomical structures. Thirty-five/160 (21.9%) of patients experienced one or more intra-and/or postoperative complications. Intraoperative complications were associated with the proximity of PSO to the cribriform plate. Long-term complications were more frequently observed in cases involving the anterior and posterior plate of the frontal bone. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the complexities involved in managing large PSO, demonstrating that size and anatomical relationships of these osteomas can critically influence surgical decisions, residual disease, and complication rate. The study's retrospective design limited the collection of standardized symptom outcomes, highlighting the need for future studies to address this apect.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".