Experimental compressed liquid density measurements and correlation of the binary mixture {3,3,3-trifuoropropene (R1243zf) + isobutane (R600a)}
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the context of evolving regulations such as the F-gas Regulation and the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, the exploration of alternatives to fluorinated greenhouse gases in air conditioning and refrigeration has garnered significant attention. Essential attributes sought in viable refrigerants encompass low Global Warming Potential (GWP), thermodynamic cycle efficiency, non-flammability, non-toxicity, material compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) have emerged as promising replacements for hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in HVAC and refrigeration systems. Simultaneously, the quest for low GWP refrigerants has prompted a revaluation of hydrocarbons (HCs) like propane (R290) and isobutane (R600a), renowned for their efficiency, minimal charge requirements, and affordability despite their flammability. While extensive data and reliable Equations of State (EoS) are available for HCs, HFOs lack comprehensive information. This study contributes empirical measurements on the compressed liquid density of the 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf) + isobutane (R600a) binary system. Utilizing a vibrating tube densimeter, measurements were conducted on three mixture compositions within the temperature range of 283.15 K to 353.15 K and at pressures ranging from near saturation to 35 MPa. The obtained dataset, combined with existing literature, served as the basis for a new mixture model developed using the Helmholtz-energy-explicit EoS. This model accurately represents the behaviour of the binary mixture, enhancing the available understanding of its thermodynamic properties.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".