Polarization enhancement of contrast through a water surface
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
When imaging underwater scenes from above the water surface, the reflection from the air-water interface creates an obscuring background that varies with illumination and viewing angles. It is well known that the reflected light is horizontally polarized, and using a vertically transmitting polarizing filter is a common technique to improve the contrast of underwater scenes. However, to our knowledge, no quantitative measurements of polarization-enabled contrast enhancement have been reported in the literature. In this work, panchromatic and RGB division-of-focal-plane polarization cameras were used to record images of black and white tiles submerged in water for determining contrast as a function of viewing angle, both without a polarizer and with a vertical polarizer. Experiments were conducted in two outdoor locations and in a black tub indoors with controlled color and brightness of the reflected background. The maximum contrast through a vertical polarizer occurred near the Brewster angle, but the amount of contrast enhancement (the ratio of contrast through a polarizer to contrast without a polarizer) was found to increase until much larger angles. Also, the observed changes in contrast resulting from changing properties of the reflected background were consistent with the Fresnel reflection coefficients.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it