Long-Term Exposure to Lambda-Cyhalothrin Reveals Novel Genes Potentially Involved in Aedes aegypti Insecticide Resistance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations hinders vector control programs. Many studies have focused on the classical mechanisms, kdr mutations, and metabolic enzymes to understand the development of insecticide resistance. In this study, we subjected a strain of Ae. aegypti to selective pressure for 13 consecutive generations to understand the development and extent of insecticide resistance. We delved into the transcriptomics of this pressured strain to gain insights into the molecular changes underlying insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti. Our data suggest mosquito resistance is influenced by additional mechanisms that are difficult to explain using only classical mechanisms. The response by mosquitoes varies depending on the exposure time. Initially, when mosquitoes are in contact with insecticides, they modulate the expression of metabolic enzymes and gain some point mutations in the sodium channel genes. After long-term exposure, the mosquitoes respond to insecticides by expressing different proteins involved in the cuticle, energetic metabolism, and synthesis of proteases. We propose a model that includes these novel mechanisms found after prolonged insecticide exposure, which work in conjunction with established mechanisms (kdr and metabolic resistance) but have a different timeline in terms of expression and appearance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".