The Effect of Being Born Moderate to Late Preterm on Lung Function and Respiratory Morbidity at 9 to 10 Years of Age
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Rationale The effect of moderate to late preterm (MLP) birth (32–36 completed weeks’ gestation) on childhood respiratory health is unclear. Objectives To assess the effect of being born MLP, compared with being born at term (≥37 completed weeks’ gestation), on lung function and respiratory morbidity at 9–10 years of age. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted among children born MLP or at term at the Royal Women’s Hospital (Victoria, Australia). Participants completed pre and postbronchodilator spirometry, measurement of diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, plethysmography, and multiple-breath washout at 9–10 years of age. Parents completed the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) questionnaire. Mean differences in z-scores of lung function outcomes and risk ratio for ISAAC outcomes between those born MLP and those born at term were estimated using regression models with adjustment for potential confounding. Multiple imputation was used to handle missing data. Results A total of 148 of 201 children born MLP and 120 of 201 term-born control subjects were assessed at 9–10 years. Compared with control subjects, children born MLP had lower mean z-scores for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (mean difference, −0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI), −0.61 to −0.08]), ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (mean difference, −0.29 [95% CI, −0.58 to −0.01]), forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of forced vital capacity (−0.33 [95% CI, −0.62 to −0.04]), and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (−0.24 [95% CI, −0.45 to −0.03]). Participants born MLP had higher risk of experiencing asthma symptoms (risk ratio, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.08–2.14]). Conclusions Children born MLP have lower lung function and increased risk of exhibiting asthma symptoms compared with term-born peers at 9–10 years. Such findings at the end of the first decade of life may portend adverse consequences for respiratory health in adulthood.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".