Prospective Fumarate Hydratase Tumor Predisposition Syndrome Screening in Patients With Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fumarate hydratase tumor predisposition syndrome (FHTPS) is caused by germline fumarate hydratase (FH) pathogenic variants (PVs). Most women with FHTPS develop FH-deficient (FHD) uterine leiomyomas (ULs), which arise 10 to 15 years earlier than aggressive FHD-renal cell carcinoma. We evaluate a previously proposed FHTPS screening strategy for women with ULs. This 5-year, prospective and retrospective study performed FH and later S-(2-succino) cysteine immunohistochemistry (IHC) on all uterine smooth muscle (USM) tumors in patients 40 (later ≤30) years or younger and on all USM tumors with suggestive FHD morphology regardless of age. Patients with FHD tumors by IHC were referred to genetic counseling. Of 840 USM tumors, 112 FHD-tumors by IHC (13%) were identified, all with suggestive FHD-morphology; 44 patients (39%) underwent germline testing, and 15 harbored germline FH PVs (34.1% of germline tested, 13.4% of all FHD-tumors). While FHD tumors were seen across a wide age range (24 to 73 y), those with germline FH PVs were significantly younger (median 33 vs 44 years wild-type, P = 0.0032). Few (12.5%) patients ≥40 and no patients ≥50 had a germline FH PV, whereas a majority (60%) of patients <40 (86% of those <30) had a germline FH PV. We demonstrate that previously proposed resource-conscious screening involving morphology and IHC is effective for identifying women with FHTPS. We provide prospective data confirming patients presenting with FHD-ULs over age 50 are unlikely to harbor germline FH PVs and argue that for germline testing without consideration of other factors, a threshold of younger than 50 years may be appropriate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".