Social withdrawal in an ecologically salient real-world context: Children’s shyness, anxiety, and observed distress behaviors in the surgical setting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Little research has examined the correlates of children’s social withdrawal in real-world contexts beyond the classroom. Here, we used a surgical setting as an ecologically salient stress model to study one type of social withdrawal: shyness. Participants were 171 children ( M age = 10.1 years, SD age = 1.7, range = 7–13 years, 50.1% boys), who were undergoing elective surgery, and their parents ( M age = 40.7 years, SD age = 6.8, range = 29–59 years, 76.2% mothers). Children’s self-report of temperamental shyness and preoperative state anxiety as well as parents’ report of trait anxiety were assessed 7 to 10 days before surgery (T1). On the morning of surgery (T2), children and parents self-reported on state anxiety. In the operating room (T3), children’s behaviors were video-recorded and coded for observed distress. We found children’s preoperative state anxiety (T1 and T2) fully mediated the relation between shyness and observed distress, regardless of participant age, sex, and parent trait and state anxiety. This mediated relation was qualified by child age. In ages 7 to 9, preoperative anxiety was predictive of observed distress. By comparison, in ages 10 to 13, shyness was related to higher levels of preoperative anxiety, controlling for participant sex, and parent trait and state anxiety. These findings illustrate the effects of child temperament and developmental age on behavior, beyond parental influences, in a real-world context.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".