<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mi>σ</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> tension between <i>Planck</i> cosmic microwave background and eBOSS Lyman-alpha forest and constraints on physics beyond <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>CDM</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We find that combined cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations, and supernovae data analyzed under <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <a:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</a:mi> </a:math> cold dark matter ( <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <c:mrow> <c:mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</c:mi> <c:mi>CDM</c:mi> </c:mrow> </c:math> ) are in <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <e:mrow> <e:mn>4.9</e:mn> <e:mi>σ</e:mi> </e:mrow> </e:math> tension with the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <f:mrow> <f:mi>Ly</f:mi> <f:mi>α</f:mi> </f:mrow> </f:math> forest in inference of the linear matter power spectrum at wave number <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <g:mrow> <g:mo>∼</g:mo> <g:mn>1</g:mn> <g:mi>h</g:mi> <g:mspace width="0.16em"/> <g:msup> <g:mi>Mpc</g:mi> <g:mrow> <g:mo>−</g:mo> <g:mn>1</g:mn> </g:mrow> </g:msup> </g:mrow> </g:math> and redshift = 3. Model extensions can alleviate this tension: running in the tilt of the primordial power spectrum ( <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <i:mrow> <i:msub> <i:mi>α</i:mi> <i:mi mathvariant="normal">s</i:mi> </i:msub> <i:mo>∼</i:mo> <i:mo>−</i:mo> <i:mn>0.01</i:mn> </i:mrow> </i:math> ); a fraction <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <k:mrow> <k:mo>∼</k:mo> <k:mo>(</k:mo> <k:mn>1</k:mn> <k:mo>−</k:mo> <k:mn>5</k:mn> <k:mo>)</k:mo> <k:mo>%</k:mo> </k:mrow> </k:math> of ultralight axion dark matter (DM) with particle mass <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <l:mrow> <l:mo>∼</l:mo> <l:msup> <l:mn>10</l:mn> <l:mrow> <l:mo>−</l:mo> <l:mn>25</l:mn> </l:mrow> </l:msup> </l:mrow> </l:math> eV or warm DM with mass <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <m:mrow> <m:mo>∼</m:mo> <m:mn>10</m:mn> </m:mrow> </m:math> eV. The new Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument survey, coupled with high-accuracy modeling, will help distinguish the source of this discrepancy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".