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Record W4406713489 · doi:10.1093/sf/soaf004

Review of “Markets with Bureaucratic Characteristics: How Economic Bureaucrats Make Policies and Remake the Chinese State”

2025· article· en· W4406713489 on OpenAlex
Liqun Cao

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueSocial Forces · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicChina's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
Canadian institutionsOntario Tech University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBureaucracyState (computer science)Economic systemEconomicsMarket economyPolitical scienceLawPolitics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

In a rapidly changing landscape of China’s eco-politics, this is a unique study that aims to explain the China model by highlighting the positive and active roles of bureaucrats between 1978 to the present. It is a pioneering book, representing Wang’s empathetic understanding of China model. It provides causal explanations to question received categories and exposes the taken-for-granted assumptions. Freeing herself from conceptual constraints, Wang avoided all prevailing descriptors of the Chinese economy, such as state capitalism, crony capitalism, or power-capital economy. Even the word “authoritarian” was rarely used. Nor did she rely on the official Chinese term “socialist market economy.” Instead, she reached her tentative conclusion, perhaps quite reluctantly, that China is a “bureaucratic capitalism” (p. 224). I described her choice of this concept as “tentative” because she eluded the accompanying phenomenon of the term—massive corruption—and used the phrase only once. It seems to me that what is described in her book fit better during the economic reform years of 1978–2012 when all Chinese Communist Party apparatchiks, from the top to the bottom, accepted the need for economic reform. Wang exposed the human agency that designed and redesigned economic policy with a focus on the roles of technocrats. However, the slogan “joining the world” during those years meant learning from other nations’ economic practices but resisting substantive political change in Chinese behavior (Cao et al., 2024). This selective borrowing is reminiscent of the period of the Westernization Movement (c1861–1895) during the late Qing Dynasty: borrowing foreign technology for application while relying on Qing Dynasty’s political system—deja vu contention for the status quo. Let us not allow euphemisms to obfuscate that.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.428
Threshold uncertainty score0.599

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.006
GPT teacher head0.290
Teacher spread0.284 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it