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Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder
Kevin S. O’Connell, Maria Koromina, Tracey van der Veen, Toni Boltz, Friederike S. David, Jessica Yang, Keng‐Han Lin, Xin Wang, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Brittany L. Mitchell, Caroline C. McGrouther, Aaditya V. Rangan, Penelope A. Lind, Elise Koch, Arvid Harder, Nadine Parker, Jaroslav Bendl, Kristina Adorjan, Esben Agerbo, Diego Albani, Silvia Alemany, Ney Alliey‐Rodriguez, Thomas D. Als, Till F. M. Andlauer, Anastasia Antoniou, Helga Ask, Nicholas Bass, Michael Bauer, Eva C. Beins, Tim B. Bigdeli, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen, Marco P. Boks, Sigrid Børte, Rosa Bosch, Murielle Brum, Ben Brumpton, Nathalie Brunkhorst-Kanaan, Monika Budde, Jonas Bybjerg‐Grauholm, William Byerley, Judit Cabana‐Domínguez, Murray J. Cairns, Bernardo Carpiniello, Miguel Casas, Pablo Cervantes, Chris Chatzinakos, Hsi‐Chung Chen, Tereza Clarence, Toni‐Kim Clarke, Isabelle Claus, Brandon J. Coombes, Elizabeth C. Corfield, Cristiana Cruceanu, Alfredo B. Cuéllar‐Barboza, Piotr M. Czerski, Konstantinos Dafnas, Anders M. Dale, Nina Dalkner, Franziska Degenhardt, J. Raymond DePaulo, Srdjan Djurovic, Ole Kristian Drange, Valentina Escott‐Price, Ayman H. Fanous, Frederike T. Fellendorf, I. Nicol Ferrier, Liz Forty, Josef Frank, Oleksandr Frei, Nelson B. Freimer, John F. Fullard, Julie Garnham, Ian R. Gizer, Scott D. Gordon, Katherine Gordon‐Smith, Tiffany A. Greenwood, Jakob Grove, José Guzmán‐Parra, Tae Hyon Ha, Tim Hahn, Magnús Haraldsson, Martin Hautzinger, Alexandra Havdahl, Urs Heilbronner, Dennis Hellgren, Stefan Herms, Ian B. Hickie, Per Hoffmann, Peter Holmans, Ming‐Chyi Huang, Masashi Ikeda, Stéphane Jamain, Jessica Johnson, Lina Jönsson, János Kálmán, James L. Kennedy, Euitae Kim, Jaeyoung Kim, Sarah Kittel‐Schneider, James A. Knowles, Manolis Kogevinas, Thorsten M. Kranz, Kristi Krebs, Steven A. Kushner, Catharina Lavebratt, Jacob Lawrence, Markus Leber, Heon‐Jeong Lee, Calwing Liao, Susanne Lucae, Martin Lundberg, Donald J. MacIntyre, Wolfgang Maier, Adam X. Maihofer, Dolores Malaspina, Mirko Manchia, Eirini Maratou, Lina Martinsson, Manuel Mattheisen, Nathaniel W. McGregor, Melvin G. McInnis, James McKay, Helena Medeiros, Andreas Meyer‐Lindenberg, Vincent Millischer, Derek W. Morris, Paraskevi Moutsatsou, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Claire O’Donovan, Catherine M. Olsen, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou, Sergi Papiol, Antonio F. Pardiñas, Hye Youn Park, Amy Perry, Andrea Pfennig, Claudia Pisanu, James B. Potash, Digby Quested, Mark Hyman Rapaport, Eline J. Regeer, John P. Rice, Margarita Rivera, Eva C. Schulte, Fanny Senner, Alexey Shadrin, Paul D. Shilling, Engilbert Sigurðsson, Lisa Sindermann, Lea Sirignano, Dan Siskind, Claire Slaney, Laura Sloofman, Olav B. Smeland, Daniel J. Smith, Janet L. Sobell, María Soler Artigas, Dan J. Stein, Frederike Stein, Mei‐Hsin Su, Heejong Sung, Beata Świątkowska, Chikashi Terao, Markos Tesfaye, Martin Tesli, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Jackson G. Thorp, Claudio Toma, Leonardo Tondo, Paul A. Tooney, Shih‐Jen Tsai, Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini, Marquis P. Vawter, Helmut Vedder, Annabel Vreeker, James Walters, Bendik S. Winsvold, Stephanie H. Witt, Hong‐Hee Won, Robert Ye, Allan H. Young, Peter P. Zandi, Lea Zillich, Byung‐Chul Lee, Ji‐Woong Kim, Young Kee Lee, Joon Ho Kang, Myeong Jae Cheon, Dong Jun Kim, Mihaela Aslan, Philip D. Harvey, Grant D. Huang, Rolf Adolfsson, Martin Alda, Lars Alfredsson, Lena Backlund, Bernhard T. Baune, Frank Bellivier, Susanne Bengesser, Wade H. Berrettini, Joanna M. Biernacka, Michael Boehnke, Anders D. Børglum, Gerome Breen, Vaughan J. Carr, Stanley V. Catts, Sven Cichon, Aiden Corvin, Nicholas Craddock, Udo Dannlowski, Dimitris Dikeos, Bruno Étain, Panagiotis Ferentinos, Mark A. Frye, Janice M. Fullerton, Micha Gawlik, Elliot S. Gershon, Fernando S. Goes, Melissa J. Green, Maria Grigoroiu‐Serbânescu, Joanna Hauser, Frans Henskens, Jens Hjerling‐Leffler, David M. 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Bibliographic record
VenueNature · 2025
Typereview
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicGenetic Associations and Epidemiology
Canadian institutionsMcGill UniversityDalhousie UniversityMontreal Neurological Institute and HospitalUniversity of TorontoCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthMcGill University Health Centre
FundersMedical Research CouncilNational Institutes of HealthNational Institute of Mental HealthWorld Health Organization
KeywordsBipolar disorderGenetic architectureGenome-wide association studyBiologyGenetic associationGenetic heterogeneityGeneticsGenomicsPhenotypeGeneNeuroscienceGenomeGenotypeSingle-nucleotide polymorphismCognition
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesResearch integrity
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.994
Threshold uncertainty score0.995
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.013
GPT teacher head0.298
Teacher spread0.285 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreReview
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations164
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractno