Rigid Fluorescent Indacenetetraone‐Based Semiconducting Polymers via Knoevenagel Condensation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The synthesis of new donor‐acceptor polymers is reported through Knoevenagel condensation of indacenetetraone with aromatic dialdehydes. The obtained polymers possess exceptionally rigid planar backbones with a rotational barrier (for single C─C bonds) of 16–20 kcal mol−1, the highest among known conjugated polymers. These structural features confer several unusual properties, including remarkably narrow absorption bands with very high absorption coefficient (up to ≈3×105 cm−1) and efficient fluorescence in the red to near‐IR region (λmax 694–850 nm, quantum yield 10–29%). Systematic spectroscopic, electrical, and microstructural characterization supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations reveals the effects of heteroatoms and the conjugation lengths on the optoelectronic properties of these materials. The polymers exhibit ambipolar charge transport in field‐effect transistors, which can be tailored to show unipolar p‐type (0.1 cm2 V−1 s−1) and n‐type (0.05 cm2 V−1 s−1) behavior by adjusting the energy levels at the polymer/metal contacts. Additionally, their application is demonstrated as acceptors in all‐polymer organic photovoltaic devices with commercial donor polymers, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".