On-farm evaluation of swede midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) susceptibility among popular kale varieties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer (Diptera:Cecidomyiidae), is a gall-forming insect pest that targets cruciferous plants. Since its introduction to North America in the early 2000s, the midge has expanded its range to include farming regions in Quebec and the Northeastern USA. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of 4 popular kale varieties-Green Curly-(Vates), Red Russian, Red Curly (RedBor), and Lacinato/Tuscan-to swede midge infestation in on-farm trials conducted over consecutive years. Our results indicate substantial variability in susceptibility among varieties, with Red Russian kale consistently exhibiting the highest damage incidence across both years. These findings provide valuable insights for developing effective integrated pest management (IPM) strategies tailored to organic and small-scale vegetable farming contexts, emphasizing the role of crop genetic resources in pest mitigation and sustainable agriculture. In addition, this study highlights the potential of non-chemical approaches for managing swede midge, leading to a more diverse and adaptable IPM toolbox for growers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".