Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This chapter discusses the gothic as a genre in terms of theories of literary realism, providing a context for the concept of gothic realism. Gothic realism has come to inform a critical trend that seeks to analyze the incursion of generically gothic elements within literary realism on a global scale. The chapter outlines a working definition of “gothic” and its appearance within the bounds of literary realism. Case studies of three realist texts that employ gothic narrative devices in their representation of death support the discussion of gothic realism. In Russian writer Ivan Turgenev’s sketch “Bezhin Meadow” (Bezhin lug, 1851), a gothic framing device enables a folkloric story to exist within the bounds of a realist structure. Norwegian writer Amalie Skram’s novel Constance Ring (1885) employs gothic atmosphere to emphasize its heroine’s experiences of oppression in a patriarchal society. Brazilian writer Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis’s novel The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas (Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas, 1881) uses gothic tropes within a realist framework to enable an exploration of strong feelings around death. All three texts demonstrate the function of the gothic genre within the framework of literary realism, where gothic is perhaps not expected but nonetheless flourishes as a method for representing subjective reality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".