Vitamin D stimulates Il-15 synthesis in rodent muscle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Besides its classical skeletal function, vitamin D plays a critical role in both skeletal muscle and the immune system. Interleukin-15 (IL-15), which is highly expressed, and secreted complexed with its receptor, IL-15Rα, by skeletal muscle, stimulates the development of immune cells and affects myogenesis and muscle mass. However, little is known about possible regulators of this myokine. To test whether vitamin D could be a regulator of muscle IL-15 and IL-15Rα expression, C2C12 myotubes were treated with vitamin D 3 metabolites and analysis were performed in gastrocnemius muscles of rats treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . The role of VDR was investigated by siRNA technique in C2C12 myotubes and in gastrocnemius muscles of vitamin D receptor knockout (Vdr-KO) mice. Treatment of C2C12 myotubes with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 or 25(OH)D 3 increased Il-15 gene expression in a dose-dependent manner and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 also moderately increased the relative Il-15 protein amount. Rats treated with a single dose of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 demonstrated a higher mRNA abundance of muscle Il-15 than controls. The 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 effect on Il-15 was considerably weaker in C2C12 myotubes treated with Vdr -specific siRNA. Vdr-KO mice showed significantly lower muscle Il- 15 mRNA than WT mice. Il-15Ra mRNA and Il-15/Il-15Rα protein abundance were unaffected by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -treatment or VDR functionality, and Cyp27b1 activity is not required for 25(OH)D 3 -mediated Il-15 gene expression. The results provide evidence for a regulatory role of hydroxyvitamin D 3 metabolites on the Il-15 synthesis in skeletal muscle cells, which is largely mediated by the VDR. • Dose-dependent Il- 15 mRNA increase in C2C12 myotubes by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 or 25(OH)D 3 treatment. • 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 moderately increases the relative Il-15 protein amount in C2C12 myotubes. • 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 moderately increases the muscular Il- 15 mRNA in vivo . • 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -mediated regulation of muscle Il- 15 mRNA depends on the VDR. • Reduced muscle Il- 15 mRNA abundance in Vdr-KO mice compared to WT mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".