Associations of ischemic heart disease with brain glymphatic MRI indices and risk of Alzheimer's disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The impact of ischemic heart disease (IHD) on the brain glymphatic MRI indices and risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the associations between IHD, brain glymphatic MRI indices and risk of AD. METHODS: A total of 1385 non-dementia subjects (55.2 % male, mean age 73.53) were included. Diffusivity along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), free water (FW) and choroid plexus volume were used to reflect glymphatic function. The associations of IHD with MRI derived glymphatic indices, PET amyloid, tau and cognitive performance were explored by multiple regression analysis. IHD were tested as predictors of clinical progression using cox proportional hazards modeling. The mediation effect of MRI derived glymphatic indices on the relationship between IHD and cognitive changes was investigated. RESULTS: Individuals with IHD exhibited glymphatic dysfunction revealed by lower DTI-ALPS (p = 0.035), higher FW (p < 0.001), and higher choroid plexus volume (p = 0.019). IHD had poorer cognitive performance in MMSE (p = 0.022), ADNI-MEM (p = 0.001) and ADNI-MF (p = 0.006), and more amyloid deposition (p = 0.007). IHD had a higher diagnostic conversion risk (HR = 1.321, 95 % CI = 1.003-1.741). IHD was associated with longitudinal cognitive decline in all cognitive tests (p < 0.05 for all) and FW (β = 0.012, 95 % CI 0.001, 0.023, p = 0.038). FW demonstrated an indirect effect (β = -0.0009, 95 % CI: -0.0034, -0.0001) and mediated 13.85 % effect for the relationship between IHD and ADNI-EF decline. CONCLUSION: IHD is independently associated with AD risk, and brain glymphatic dysfunction may partially mediate this relationship.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".