Prolonged Impact of Bisphosphonates and Glucocorticoids on Bone Mechanical Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: This study aimed at investigating the prolonged effects of glucocorticoids and bisphosphonates on bone. Methods: Six-to-eight-month-old skeletally mature male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to receive a cancer therapy combination of zoledronic acid (ZA = 0.13 mg/kg) and dexamethasone (DX = 3.8 mg/kg) (treatment group, n = 10) or sterile phosphate buffer saline solution (control group, n = 10). The rats received weekly intraperitoneal injections for 8 weeks, which were stopped 6 weeks before euthanasia. Mineralized bone samples were characterized by three-point bending tests, micro-CT imaging, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Bone collagen was assessed using tensile tests on the demineralized bones and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy on mineralized and demineralized bones. Results: The samples in the treatment group showed increased tibial cortical thickness, mineral crystal size, and toughness. Analyses of demineralized tibiae revealed decreased collagen tensile strength in the experimental group. The spectroscopic and TGA/DSC analyses showed that the ZA + DX treatment increased the collagen amide I 1660/1690 cm−1 area ratio and collagen denaturalization temperature, indicating a higher level of collagen cross-linking. Conclusions: Bisphosphonates and glucocorticoids led to prolonged changes in the mechanical properties of bone as a result of increased cortical thickness, increased crystal size, and the deterioration of collagen quality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".