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Record W4406854062 · doi:10.7326/annals-24-02338

Guidelines International Network: Principles for Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Health Guideline Enterprise

2025· article· en· W4406854062 on OpenAlexaff
Bernardo Sousa‐Pinto, Manuel Marques‐Cruz, Ignacio Neumann, Yuan Chi, Artur Nowak, Marge Reinap, Mariette Awad, Monika Nothacker, Milana Trucl, Jan Brożek, Pablo Alonso‐Coello, Wojtek Wiercioch, Amir Qaseem, Elie A. Akl, Holger J. Schünemann, Zachary Munn, Lubna El-Ansary, I. Kopp, Miranda Langendam, Roberta James, Murad Alam

Bibliographic record

VenueAnnals of Internal Medicine · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
Canadian institutionsCochraneMcMaster UniversityImpact
FundersWorld Health Organization
KeywordsMedicineGuidelineManagement sciencePathologyEngineering

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

DESCRIPTION: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been defined by the High-Level Expert Group on AI of the European Commission as "systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions-with some degree of autonomy-to achieve specific goals." Artificial intelligence has the potential to support guideline planning, development and adaptation, reporting, implementation, impact evaluation, certification, and appraisal of recommendations, which we will refer to as "guideline enterprise." Considering this potential, as well as the lack of guidance for the use of AI in guidelines, the Guidelines International Network (GIN) proposes a set of principles for the development and use of AI tools or processes to support the health guideline enterprise. METHODS: A GIN working group on AI developed these principles, informed by the results of a scoping review and practical examples, through iterative discussion. RECOMMENDATIONS: Eight principles were identified to adhere to when using AI in the guideline context: transparency, preplanning, additionality, credibility, ethics, accountability, compliance, and evaluation. These complementary principles are described in a comprehensive way, but they do not provide detailed instructions on how to use specific AI tools. Although these principles are expected to apply across different contexts and stages of the guideline enterprise, details on their implementation have some degree of flexibility. Guideline development groups choosing to use AI will be able to adequately implement the principles if they ensure aspects such as structured reporting on the use of AI tools, involvement of experts in AI, and allocation of funding for the adequate use of AI tools. The GIN principles may support guideline developers in the responsible and transparent use of AI to ensure trustworthy guidelines.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.121
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.196
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.121
Threshold uncertainty score0.639

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.1210.196
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0020.002
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0030.004
Bibliometrics0.0130.012
Science and technology studies0.0040.009
Scholarly communication0.0150.010
Open science0.0110.012
Research integrity0.0240.017
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0120.013

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.507
GPT teacher head0.556
Teacher spread0.049 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreMethods

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations23
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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