The Patent Blue V Paradox: Hidden Offender, Serial Culprit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Background: Patent Blue V (PBV) is extensively used in sentinel lymph node identification in cancer surgery, potentially leading to an increased incidence of hypersensitivity reactions. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with suspected PBV hypersensitivity, at our center from 2010 to 2023. Skin prick tests (SPT) were performed on all patients, followed by intradermal tests (IDT) if SPT was negative. Results: Of 160 patients with suspected perioperative hypersensitivity reactions (POH), 15 (9.4%) had received PBV. All patients were female, with a median age of 50 years. None had been previously exposed to PBV. In 2 cases, there was no registry of PBV use. In vivo tests were mostly performed 6–9 months after the index reaction (53%). PBV allergy was confirmed in 80% of cases via positive skin tests (SPT [ n = 10] or IDT [ n = 2]). In PBV allergic patients, anaphylaxis occurred in 7 patients (58%). A rising incidence of PBV allergy in the POH setting was observed from 2010 to 2023. Conclusions: PBV is a significant allergen in POH, with increasing incidence. SPT is effective and frequent enough for diagnosis, suggesting an IgE-mediated mechanism. Despite its allergenic potential, PBV’s clinical utility supports its continued use with appropriate precautions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".