Shear Stress and Microbubble‐Mediated Modulation of Endothelial Cell Immunobiology
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapy remains hindered in the context of solid tumors due to the immunosuppressive microenvironment, in which key endothelial cell adhesion molecules (CAM) are suppressed. Microbubble‐mediated focused ultrasound is being explored for targeted immunotherapy and can exert local shear stress upon neighboring endothelial cells. However, fluid and microbubble‐induced shear modulation of endothelial immunobiology is not well understood. Herein, the influence of both types of shear stress on human endothelial vein (HUVEC) and brain endothelial (HBEC‐5i) CAM expression and secretion of over 90 cytokines using acoustically coupled microscopy is examined. Fluid flow results in time‐dependent modulation of CAM expression, where ICAM‐1 peaked at 4 h (1.98‐fold, p < 0.001, HUVEC) and 24 h (1.56‐fold, p < 0.001, HBEC‐5i). While some chemokines are significantly enhanced (up to 16.2‐fold; p < 0.001) from both endothelial cell types (e.g., IL‐8, MCP‐1, MCP‐3), others are differentially expressed (e.g., CCL5, CXCL‐16, SDF‐1). Under ultrasound, ICAM‐1 expression at 4 h increased (≈1.4‐fold, p < 0.01) and resulted in significant large‐magnitude ( p < 0.05) differential expression of 20 cytokines, most of which have immune‐activating function and within a subset of those induced by shear‐flow. Microbubble‐mediated ultrasound regulates ICAM‐1 expression and the human endothelial secretome toward an immune cell recruitment paradigm, and thus may reinforce solid tumor cellular immunotherapy efforts.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it