HIV-1 and BLV are insensitive to SERINC5 restriction under the cell-cell infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ser ine inc orporator 5 ( SER INC5, SER5) suppresses viral cell-free infection. However, its antiviral potency under viral cell-cell infection is not examined yet. Here, we established the in vitro cell-cell infection systems to assess SER5’s antiviral activity on HIV-1 and bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Our results showed SER5 from different mammalian species, including Homo sapiens , Bos taurus , and Felis catus , was capable of significantly inhibiting HIV-1 cell-free infection. However, these SER5s were unable to restrict HIV-1 cell-cell infection. Intriguingly, Ebola virus glycoprotein-mediated pseudoviral cell-free infection was greatly enhanced by Homo sapiens and Bos taurus SER5. Notably, BLV was also insensitive to SER5-mediated restriction under the cell-cell infection. In addition, BLV envelope glycoproteins, which contained one glycosylation variation, were not restricted by SER5 in the model of cell-cell infection. Overall, our results indicated SER5 was ineffective against HIV-1 and BLV under the cell-cell infection, which was utilized by them to circumvent SER5-imposed restriction in vitro and may aid their transmission in vivo . IMPORTANCE SER5 potently inhibits virus infection under the cell-free mode. However, few studies check whether SER5 keeps its restriction under the virus cell-cell transmission. In this work, we uncover SER5 loses its restriction to HIV-1 and BLV under the mode of cell-cell infection, demonstrating the viruses could employ this mode to overcome SER5 restriction and thus facilitate their transmission.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".