One-Year Real-World Outcomes of Ab-Externo Gel Stent Placement From the EXPAND Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PRÉCIS: In the real-world, retrospective, EXPAND study of consecutive adults with glaucoma, ab-externo gel stent implantation effectively lowered intraocular pressure (34%) and the medication burden (61%), with transient/self-resolving hypotony as the most frequent adverse event (28%). PURPOSE: To assess effectiveness and safety of ab-externo gel stent (GS) implantation in glaucoma. METHODS: Multicenter, real-world, retrospective study. Consecutive adults with glaucoma and ab-externo GS implantation (with/without phacoemulsification or open/closed conjunctiva) ≥12 months before study entry. Data were extracted between the baseline/preoperative and last follow-up visit or date of secondary surgical intervention (SSI). Primary effectiveness endpoint: proportion of primary eyes (first eye in bilaterally implanted patients) at month 12 (M12) achieving ≥20% intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction from baseline without medication increase, clinical hypotony, vision loss to counting fingers, or SSI. Secondary effectiveness endpoints included complete success (IOP ≤18 mm Hg and ≥20% IOP reduction from medicated baseline without medication, clinical hypotony, or SSI); qualified success (same but without medication increase); and needling rate. Key safety endpoints (all eyes): intraoperative complications, postoperative adverse events (AEs), and SSIs. RESULTS: The safety population included 466 eyes; 80.7% received the GS alone and 85.0% were implanted with closed conjunctiva. At M12, 39.1% of all primary eyes (N=413) and 54.9% of primary eyes with IOP and medication data at baseline and M12 (N=213) achieved the primary endpoint. At M12 among all primary eyes, the complete success, qualified success, and needling rates were 33.5%, 56.5%, and 28.6%. Most eyes (97.9%) had no intraoperative complications. The most frequent postoperative AE was transient/self-resolving hypotony (IOP <6 mm Hg; 28.1%). Sixty-nine (14.8%) eyes required an SSI. CONCLUSIONS: Ab-externo GS placement effectively lowered IOP and the medication count without unexpected complications/AEs, expanding implantation options based on patients' needs and surgeons' preferences.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".