Superior liver protection in mice fed total parenteral nutrition containing the novel lipid emulsion Vegaven as compared to a mixed-oil lipid emulsion containing fish oil
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Mixed-oil lipid emulsion with plant-based 18-carbon n-3 fatty acids (Vegaven) elicits superior liver protection in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) compared with soybean oil-based or fish oil-based lipid emulsions. Objective However, it is not known whether Vegaven is also superior to mixed-oil lipid emulsions containing longer-chain 20/22-carbon n-3 fatty acids derived from fish oil (SMOFlipid). Methods Instrumented male C57BL/6NCrl mice (N=5) were subjected to a 7-day TPN with Vegaven (VEGA) or SMOFlipid (SMOF). Mice infused with 0.9% saline and free access to water and rodent diet served as controls. Tissue concentration of cytokines, indices of whole-body and hepatic glucose metabolism, markers of liver injury, and hepatic lipid mediators were measured. Results Whole-body insulin resistance as measured by HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance) values was lower in VEGA compared with SMOF and accompanied by higher glucagon and lower insulin plasma levels. The abundances of hepatic insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) as well as the tyrosine phosphorylated IRS2 were higher in VEGA when compared with SMOF, fostering higher hepatic glycogen content. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 (IL6) tissue concentrations were increased in livers of mice in the SMOF group and interleukin-6 (IL6) to interleukin-10 (IL10) ratios were lower in livers and epididymal white adipose tissue of mice in the VEGA group. Direct bilirubin plasma levels were elevated in SMOF, while ALT plasma levels were similar in all groups. Profiling of hepatic lipid mediators revealed the presence of α-linolenic acid-derived hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid species exclusively in VEGA. Conclusions TPN with Vegaven provides superior liver protection and whole-body blood glucose control than TPN with mixed-oil lipid emulsion containing fish oil in mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".