Warming, but not acidification, increases metabolism and reduces growth of redfish ( <i>Sebastes fasciatus</i> ) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Understanding the effects of global change, including temperature, pH, and oxygen availability, on commercially important species is crucial for anticipating consequences for these resources and their ecosystems. In the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), redfish (Sebastes spp.) have been under moratorium from 1995 to 2024, with a massive recruitment observed in 2011–2013. However, little is known about their metabolic and thermal physiology, making predictions of their response to changing GSL conditions challenging. To address this, we quantified the effects of four acclimatation temperatures (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 ℃) and two pH levels (7.35 and 7.75) on standard and maximum metabolic rates (SMR and MMR), aerobic scope (AS), hypoxia tolerance (O 2 crit), food consumption, and growth in redfish. SMR, MMR, and AS increased with temperature, but growth decreased at the highest temperature, likely due to increased metabolic demand, with food consumption similar across 5.0 to 10.0 °C treatments. O 2 crit was lower for fish acclimated to 2.5 and 5.0 ℃, making redfish less hypoxia-tolerant at higher temperatures. Except from SMR, no significant effect of pH was observed. These results suggest that future changes in the GSL will challenge redfish, with potential long-term effects on their growth due to increased energy requirements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".