Predictive value of the systemic immune–inflammation index for outcomes in large artery occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy—a single-center study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background The systemic immune–inflammation index (SII) is a composite and easily available inflammation index, which can quantitatively reflect the degree of inflammation. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of admission SII for outcomes of large artery occlusion treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). Methods This retrospective study was conducted at Suining Central Hospital, Sichuan, China. Patients were stratified into quartiles based on their SII. The investigating outcomes included hemorrhagic transformation (HT), malignant brain edema (MBE), 90-day functional outcome, and mortality. The adverse function was defined as the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score > 2 at the 90-day follow-up. Multivariate analysis was performed to explore the relationships between SII and outcomes. In addition, cases (distinguished from the aforementioned patients) treated with MT + mild hypothermia (MH) were also included to elucidate the relationships between SII/MH and outcomes in a new cohort. Results A total of 323 patients treated with MT were included. The observed HT, MBE, adverse function, and mortality rates were 31.9, 25.7, 59.4, and 27.9%, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that heightened SII was significantly related to HT (odds ratio [OR]: 1.061, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.035–1.086, p < 0.001), MBE (OR: 1.074, 95% CI: 1.045–1.103, p < 0.001), adverse function (OR: 1.061, 95% CI: 1.031–1.092, p < 0.001), and mortality (OR: 1.044, 95% CI: 1.018–1.070, p = 0.001), after adjusting sex, age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission, initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, baseline Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS), present HMCAS, occluded vessel region, collateral score and successful revascularization. HT and MBE may partially account for patients with elevated SII’s adverse function and mortality. In addition, with the criterion of baseline ASPECTS ≤ 7, a total of 42 patients treated with MT + MH were enrolled to build up a new cohort combined with 72 patients treated with mere MT. The risk role of SII and protect effect of MH were identified for HT (SII—OR: 1.037, 95% CI: 1.001–1.074; MH—OR: 0.361, 95% CI: 0.136–0.957), MBE (SII—OR: 1.063, 95% CI: 1.019–1.109; MH—OR: 0.231, 95% CI: 0.081–0.653), and mortality (SII—OR: 1.048, 95% CI: 1.011–1.087; MH—OR: 0.343, 95% CI: 0.118–0.994). Conclusion Elevated SII was related to HT, MBE, 90-day adverse function, and mortality after MT. The MH may improve prognosis under high inflammation status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".