Propagation and attenuation of surface waves and pressure waves in a fluidized bed with a vibrating plate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A fluidized bed with a surface wave generator was utilized to investigate pressure wave sources, propagation, and attenuation. The results indicated at least three distinct waves within the fluidized bed, i.e., surface waves originating from the movement of the bed surface, reflected surface waves from the wall, and the elastic waves resulting from the compression of the particulate phase in the vicinity of the plate. The attenuation rate is related to the intricate interplay of these pressure waves within the bed. Pressure waves propagate both horizontally and vertically within the bed. In the horizontal direction, surface waves are the dominant pressure waves at low frequencies, and the surface waves are no longer the dominant components of the pressure waves at high frequencies. The surface waves are not dominant in vertically propagating pressure waves. The vibrating plate impedes the transmission of the reflected wave in the vertical direction. • Origin, propagation and attenuation of pressure waves were studied. • Surface waves, reflected surface waves, and elastic waves were identified. • Surface waves are not always dominant pressure waves in fluidized beds. • Pressure waves propagate and get attenuated in all directions.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".