Establishing a threshold for total joint moment asymmetry in asymptomatic adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Gait analysis is a fundamental tool for understanding joint function and identifying asymmetries in joint moments, which can signal underlying pathologies or potential risk factors for joint damage. Despite the widespread use of symmetry analysis in assessing gait across various conditions, including osteoarthritis and post-injury recovery, there remains no clear objective evidence on joint moment symmetry in healthy adults to serve as a comparison for pathological populations. This study aimed to define the range of joint moment asymmetry during walking in healthy adults. Twenty-one asymptomatic individuals aged 40 years and older underwent three-dimensional gait analysis at a self-selected walking speed. The total knee joint moment was calculated as a composite measure of the net external knee frontal, sagittal, and transverse moments, and absolute inter-limb asymmetry in the total knee joint moment was calculated for all participants. Paired samples t-tests were used to assess for differences in total knee joint, frontal, sagittal, and transverse moments between knees. No significant differences in any knee joint moment outcomes were found between knees. Findings indicated that the upper limit of absolute total joint moment asymmetry in asymptomatic individuals was 14 %. The establishment of this threshold provides a critical reference for clinicians and researchers to identify asymmetries that may deviate from healthy adult ranges.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".