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Record W4406945244 · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofae631.1033

P-841. Empiric Antimicrobial Treatment of Sepsis in Canadian Emergency Rooms: Analysis of Pathogens Causing Bacteremia and Their Susceptibility Rates

2025· article· en· W4406945244 on OpenAlexaffabout
J. Li, Melanie Baxter, Andrew Walkty, James A. Karlowsky, George G. Zhanel

Bibliographic record

VenueOpen Forum Infectious Diseases · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicNosocomial Infections in ICU
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Manitoba
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineBacteremiaSepsisAntimicrobialEmergency departmentEmpiric treatmentIntensive care medicineMicrobiologyAntibioticsImmunologyBiology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Background An alarming increase in the frequency of ESBL-producing organisms has been reported in Canada, raising concerns about whether empiric regimens used for the treatment of sepsis remain sufficient to cover ER patients with potentially undiagnosed bloodstream infections. Using data from the CANWARD study, we report on the epidemiology of bloodstream infections in Canadian emergency rooms and estimate the susceptibility rate of these pathogens to empiric regimens commonly used for the treatment of sepsis. Rate of ESBL production in blood culture isolates of Escherichia coli (ER patients, CANWARD 2007-2022). Methods As part of the CANWARD national surveillance study, sentinel hospitals across Canada submitted the first 10 clinically significant isolates recovered from blood cultures each month. Isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the broth microdilution method and susceptibility to antibiotics was determined whenever MICs and CLSI breakpoints were available. For Streptococcus and Enterococcus, where piperacillin-tazobactam breakpoints were not available, susceptibility was inferred from penicillin and ampicillin MICs as per EUCAST standards. Rate of ceftriaxone susceptibility in blood culture Escherichia coli isolates (ER patients, CANWARD 2007-2022). Results From 2007 to 2022, 9,178 blood culture isolates were collected from patients presenting to Canadian emergency rooms. The most common organisms isolated were: 1. Escherichia coli (31.7%) 2. Staphylococcus aureus (16.8%) 3. Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.8%) 4. Streptococcus pneumoniae (6.8%) 5. Streptococcus pyogenes (2.9%) There has been a marked increase in the rate of ESBL production in E. coli (Figure 1). This is associated with a decrease in the susceptibility rate of E. coli to ceftriaxone (Figure 2). Despite these changes, isolates from blood cultures of ER patients remain susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam more than 90% of the time and remain susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam plus vancomycin more than 95% of the time (Table 1). Susceptibility rates of blood culture isolates from ER patients to commonly prescribed empiric antimicrobial regimens. Conclusion Isolates causing bloodstream infections in Canadian ER patients remain susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam more than 90% of the time. The susceptibility rate to ceftriaxone is less than 85% and ceftriaxone should be used with caution in sepsis when the source of infection is unclear. Individual centers should perform their own assessments based on the most common pathogens causing bacteremia and their local susceptibility rates. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.038
Threshold uncertainty score0.076

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0020.003
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.334
Teacher spread0.317 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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