Activating Redox Chemistry of Quinones for High Energy Density Aqueous Sodium-Ion Batteries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anode materials with high capacity and suitable redox potential are crucial for improving the energy density of aqueous sodium-ion batteries (ASIBs). And organic anode materials play a promising role due to their tunable electrochemical performance. However, the insufficient electroactive sites lead to a low capacity, hindering the elevation of energy density. Thus, it is essential to design organic molecules with multiple redox-active sites. Herein, we propose a strategy to activate redox sites by regulating the spatial distribution of delocalized electrons within the conjugation system, and the quinone rings are successfully activated as new reversible Na-ion storage sites via enhancing the electron density. The obtained 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinonatocobalt (Co-DHBQ) with electroactive quinone rings exhibits a superior capacity of 183 mA h g –1 accompanied by a multiple-electron transfer. Benefiting from the high capacity, the Co-DHBQ||Na 2 Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ]·2H 2 O (MnHCF) full cell outputs a ultrahigh energy density of 110 W h kg –1 (based on the total active material mass of the anode and cathode) with a lifespan of 3000 cycles. This work proposes a strategy to activate new redox sites, providing a new impetus for designing high-performance organic electrode materials and developing high energy density ASIBs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".