Biaxial Resistance of Pre-Engineered Beam Hangers in Glulam
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In timber construction, Glulam post-and-beam systems are commonly used to transfer vertical loads to the foundation. In such systems, the connections play a critical role in structural performance. Pre-engineered connectors, which facilitate fast and efficient assembly, are typically designed to resist only vertical shear loads. However, during seismic and wind events, post-and-beam systems deform horizontally, and axial forces develop at the connections. In this research, the performance of RICON and MEGANT pre-engineered connectors was studied under biaxial loading involving concurrent shear and axial forces. A total of 12 full-scale tests on Glulam frame segments were conducted. Neither type of connector experienced any resistance loss under concurrent shear loads equal to the factored shear resistance and axial loads equal to 5% of the factored shear resistance. The axial load-carrying capacity of the RICON and MEGANT connectors was up to 124% and 97% of their factored shear resistance, respectively. The global failure of all the studied connectors demonstrated both ductility and residual deformation capacity. These results provide valuable information for engineers designing Glulam post-and-beam systems in seismic regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".