Where Typhoeus lived: 87Sr/86Sr analysis of human remains in the first Greek site in the Western Mediterranean, Pithekoussai, Italy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The archaeological heritage of Pithekoussai offers a unique insight into the dynamics of human mobility and biocultural interactions at the dawn of the Magna Graecia during the Iron Age Mediterranean. Pithekoussai was founded by Greeks on the volcanic island of Ischia in southern Italy in the mid-eighth century BC, marking the earliest Greek settlement in the western Mediterranean. The archaeological evidence suggests that Pithekoussai was an emporium where local communities, Greeks, Phoenicians, and people from the mainland lived together and interacted. Despite the challenges posed by the active volcanic burial environment, which affected the preservation of human remains, this study successfully applied strontium isotope analysis ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) to n = 71 inhumed and cremated individuals. Integrating biogeochemistry and (bio)archaeology, this research enriches the narrative of human mobility by providing a nuanced reconstruction of the life histories of the individuals who participated in a crucial moment in Mediterranean history that shaped societies at the emergence of Magna Graecia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".