Experimental investigation and evaluation of newly designed electrodes for hydrogen production in alkaline water electrolysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alkaline water electrolysis is a promising clean hydrogen production technology that accounts for a small percentage of global hydrogen production. Therefore, the technique requires further research and development to achieve higher efficiencies and lower hydrogen production costs to replace the utilization of non-renewable energy sources for hydrogen production. In this study, electrodes are fabricated through fused deposition modelling 3D printing technology for practical and accessible electrolyzer manufacturing, where an initial nickel (Ni) catalyst layer is formed on the 3D printed electrode surface followed by copper modified nickel zinc iron oxide (NiZnFe 4 O 4 ) layer to investigate a unique electrocatalyst. An alkaline electrolyzer is developed with Ni-NiZnFe 4 O 4 coated 3D printed cathodes and stainless steel anodes to determine the hydrogen production capacities and efficiencies of the electrolysis process. Electrochemical measurements are used to assess the catalyst coated 3D printed electrodes, ranging from physical electrochemistry to electrochemical impedance measurements. The results show that the triangular Ni-NiZnFe 4 O 4 coated electrode with the highest aspect ratio exhibits the greatest current density of −183.17 mA/cm 2 at −2.05 V during linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) tests, where it also reaches a current density of −94.35 mA/cm 2 at −1.2 V during cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. It is concluded that modification of surface geometry is also a crucial aspect of electrode performance, as 30% lower overpotentials are achieved by the rectangular electrodes in this study. The hydrogen production capacities of the alkaline electrolyzer developed range from 4.22 to 5.82 × 10 −10 kg/s operating at a cell voltage of 2.15 V. Furthermore, the energy and exergy efficiencies of the alkaline electrolyzer are evaluated through the first and second laws of thermodynamics, revealing the highest energy and exergy efficiencies of 14.34% and 13.86% for the highest aspect ratio rectangular electrode. • 3D printed electrodes are fabricated through FDM and electrodeposition. • Distinct surface geometries were utilized for the 3D printed electrodes. • NiZnFe 4 O x particles coated on electrode surface formed leaf-like structures. • The Ni-NiZnFe 4 O 4 catalyst demonstrated very good properties towards the HER. • Electrolysis with 3D printed electrodes reached an energy efficiency of 14.34 %.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".