Selenium and vitamin E status of horses in Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to measure plasma Se and vitamin E in horses across Quebec and survey their consumption. Four samplings were done on 59 horses for 1 year ( n = 224). Plasma was analyzed for Se, vitamin E, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). Hay, concentrate, and water were also analyzed for Se. Horses were classified into four groups for statistical analysis based on dietary forage to concentrate ratio: HF—high forage; MHF—moderately high forage; MC—moderate concentrate and HC—high concentrate. Owners were asked to answer a survey at each visit. Results demonstrate that plasma Se varies with body condition score (BCS) ( P = 0.019), season ( P = 0.015), and feeding groups ( P < 0.001). Plasma vitamin E was affected by BCS ( P = 0.04), sex ( P = 0.047), exercise ( P < 0.001), and season ( P < 0.001), while GSH-Px activity was influenced by BCS ( P = 0.018), exercise ( P < 0.001), and feeding groups ( P = 0.002). This study confirms that plasma Se and vitamin E reflect animal supplementation. Other parameters such as BCS, sex, season, exercise, and ration are important for precise recommendations. Moreover, the survey revealed that feeding practices of horses in Quebec are inadequate to meet Se and vitamin E requirements; therefore, owner's education should be part of the nutrition plan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".