Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis–Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whereas most systemic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) such as rheumatoid carditis or Felty syndrome have had a decrease in prevalence,1 RA-related interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Patients with RA-ILD have a 3-fold increase in mortality compared to patients with RA but no ILD, matched for age at RA-ILD onset, sex, and RA duration2; ILD is second only after cardiovascular disease for excess mortality observed in RA.3 RA-ILD is by itself a heterogeneous entity: patients may present with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, or lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia patterns. The most frequent pneumonia pattern observed in RA-ILD is UIP, and it is also the one with the worst prognosis.4 Although there is no doubt of the clinical relevance of RA-ILD, the clinical management of patients with RA-ILD is the most controversial in RA patient care. Today, low RA disease activity is strongly associated with better survival in patients with RA-ILD.5,6 Still, recent guidelines for the management of ILD in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases did not even mention the strict control of RA disease activity for RA-ILD.7 RA-ILD may behave as progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF), a condition strongly associated with morbidity and mortality.8 In 2022, a formal classification criteria for PPF was proposed by the American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society, Japanese Respiratory Society, and Asociación Latinoamericana de Tórax.9 PPF is defined as at least 2 criteria occurring within the last year: (1) worsening respiratory symptoms; (2) physiological evidence of disease progression, as shown by either absolute decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥ 5% predicted within … Address correspondence to Dr. J. Rojas-Serrano, Rheumatology Clinic and Internal Medicine Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Calz Tlalpan 4501, Sección XVI, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico City, Mexico. Email: jrojas{at}iner.gob.mx.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".