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Comparing immunoassay and mass spectrometry techniques for salivary sex hormone analysis

2025· article· en· W4407080336 on OpenAlexafffund
Alexandra Brouillard, Lisa‐Marie Davignon, Rebecca Cernik, Charles‐Édouard Giguère, Helen Findlay, Robert‐Paul Juster, Sonia Lupien, Marie‐France Marin

Bibliographic record

VenuePsychoneuroendocrinology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNeuroscience
TopicStress Responses and Cortisol
Canadian institutionsUniversité de MontréalInstitut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de QuébecUniversité du Québec à Montréal
FundersCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchRéseau en Bio-Imagerie du Quebec
KeywordsImmunoassayMass spectrometryChromatographySex hormone-binding globulinChemistryHormoneMedicineInternal medicineAntibodyImmunologyAndrogen

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

From a confluence of events, our team acquired salivary sex hormone data from two different assays; namely, enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoassay (ELISA; Salimetrics) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). As previous research has often discussed inter-assay differences but lacked direct comparative data for these specific hormones in saliva, this paper compared both techniques on their ability to accurately quantify concentrations of estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone in healthy young adults (72 combined oral contraceptive [COC] users, 99 naturally cycling [NC] women in the early follicular and pre-ovulatory phases, and 47 men). Using multivariate and computational approaches, our results converged and showed poor performance of ELISA for measuring salivary sex hormones, with estradiol and progesterone being much less valid than testosterone. Despite its challenges with quantification, LC-MS/MS was found to be superior. Our study underscores the importance of methodological rigor in sex steroid hormone assay techniques, highlighting LC-MS/MS as a more reliable option compared to ELISA for salivary sex hormone quantification in healthy adults. These findings contribute to the ongoing dialogue in the field concerning the validity and reproducibility of scientific discoveries. Indeed, accurate measurement is crucial for generating reliable findings regarding the intricate relationships between hormones, brain, behavior, and mental health. • We assessed ELISA and LC-MS/MS performance for measuring salivary sex hormones. • The between-methods relationship was strong for salivary testosterone only. • LC-MS/MS showed expected differences in estradiol and testosterone in women. • Machine-learning classification models revealed better results with LC-MS/MS. • LC-MS/MS promises to improve validity of sex steroid profiling of healthy adults.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.259
Threshold uncertainty score0.870

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.319
Teacher spread0.289 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations18
Published2025
Admission routes2
Has abstractyes

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