Analysis of Guard Gates on FF SEU Rates at a 12-nm FinFET Node
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article studies the soft error rates (SERs) of latches by using different delay lengths in guard gate (GG)-based flip-flop (FF) designs at a 12-nm FinFET technology node. Three FFs are designed by using the guard-gate structure with varying delay elements (two, four, and six inverter delays), along with a standard reference FF. The FFs were connected in chains and fabricated on a test chip, which was tested with alpha particles, heavy ions, and protons. Results indicate that single-event upset (SEU) rates can be reduced with the guard-gate structure during alpha particle irradiation. However, the guard-gate designs only show slight SER improvement over the reference design for moderate and high linear energy transfer (LET) ranges. Through technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulations, it is shown that the single-event transient (SET) pulse widths for moderate- to high-LET particles can be significantly longer than the delay-element propagation times. Also, guard-gate designs experience a strong dependence on data input patterns regarding SERs, which is due to uneven charge collection in pMOS and nMOS devices at this node.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it