Synthesis of Luminescent Mn<sup>2+</sup> and Sb<sup>3+</sup> Doped Chloride Double Perovskites: An Adaptable, Inquiry-Based Experiment for Short Laboratory Sessions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mn 2+ and Sb 3+ doped Cs 2 NaB′Cl 6 (B′ = Bi 3+ and In 3+ ) double perovskites are prepared via a solution-based synthesis method. Certain Sb 3+ doped samples exhibit a vivid blue emission, while the Mn 2+ doped samples emit a less intense red-orange light under UV illumination. Characterization of these compounds is accomplished by a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), and photoluminescence measurements. The synthesized perovskite materials possess a cubic structure, making them ideal specimens for students who are new to solid-state structures. Students utilize computer-based visualization to examine the 3D halide double perovskite structure and determine unit cell dimensions of the synthesized materials through powder X-ray diffraction data. Additionally, students can investigate the photoluminescent properties using a hand-held UV lamp and a fluorometer. The experiments offer adaptability to fit various laboratory schedules and cater to students with diverse skill levels. Each part of the experiment is structured to be finished within one to two 3 h laboratory sessions. This adaptable and inquiry-focused lab framework offers educators a versatile and effective teaching tool to enhance students’ understanding of solid-state structures and their luminescent properties, making it a valuable addition to undergraduate inorganic chemistry courses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".