Reactive Extrusion of Biodegradable Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-<i>co</i>-3-hyrdoxyvalerate) and Poly(butylene adipate-<i>co</i>-terephthalate) Blends: Toward a Toughening Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The brittleness of biobased and biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) remains a big hindrance to its broad application. Although blending with tougher biopolymers is one of the approaches to address this drawback, the improvement in the toughness of the blend is not usually satisfying, mainly due to the low compatibility of blend constituents. In this work, poly(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PBAT), as a flexible biopolymer, was incorporated into the PHBV matrix in the presence of various contents of two reactive chemicals, a peroxide and a cross-linking agent, namely, triallyl isocyanurate. Mechanical analysis showed significant enhancement in impact resistance and deformability at some specific contents of reactive reagents, with the maximum improvement from 26.6 J/m and 7.9% in the neat blend to 91.3 J/m and 94.6% in the material including 0.15 parts per hundred (phr) of peroxide and 1 phr of cross-linking agent. The morphological analysis also revealed a significant decrease in the PBAT particle size by adding reactive reagents, implying the compatibilization effect of two reagents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".