Ethnocultural status and risk of preeclampsia in a Canadian setting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Disparities in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are prevalent in the U.S., but are understudied in other settings. Our objective was to determine if ethnocultural disparity in the risk of preeclampsia was present in Canada. STUDY DESIGN: We carried out a retrospective cohort study of 862,759 pregnancies between 2008 and 2020 in Quebec, Canada. The exposure was the ethnocultural status of women, defined by linguistic origin (Anglophone or Francophone). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome was preeclampsia, including severity (severe, superimposed, mild), presence of fetal growth restriction, and gestational onset time (early or late onset of hypertension). We estimated risk ratios (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for the association between ethnocultural status and risk of preeclampsia adjusted for maternal characteristics. RESULTS: In adjusted models, Anglophones had a slightly elevated risk of preeclampsia compared with Francophones (40.5 vs. 37.2 per 1000 pregnancies; RR 1.03, 95 % CI 1.00-1.07). Associations were stronger for selected subtypes of preeclampsia, with Anglophones at greater risk of mild preeclampsia (RR 1.09, 95 % CI 1.04-1.13), preeclampsia without fetal growth restriction (RR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.00-1.08), and late onset preeclampsia (RR 1.04, 95 % CI 1.01-1.08). An association with severe preeclampsia was less apparent, although Anglophones lacking a high school diploma (RR 1.46, 95 % CI 1.12-1.90) or who were younger than 25 years (RR 1.19, 95 % CI 1.01-1.40) had a greater risk of severe preeclampsia compared with Francophones. CONCLUSIONS: Anglophones, especially Anglophones in vulnerable subgroups, have a slightly elevated risk of preeclampsia compared with Francophones. ABBREVIATIONS: CI, confidence interval; HELLP, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets; ICD-10-CA, International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision; mmHg, millimeter of mercury; No., number; RR, risk ratio; U.S., United States.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".