ABA-regulated JAZ1 suppresses phytoalexin biosynthesis by binding GmNAC42-1 in soybean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phytoalexins are plant defense metabolites whose biosynthesis remains suppressed until elicited by a pathogen or stress, yet the mechanism of their suppression has remained elusive. The transcription factor GmNAC42–1 directly activates glyceollin phytoalexin biosynthesis in soybean, but its overexpression without elicitation fails to induce glyceollin biosynthetic genes, suggesting suppression by a negative regulator. JAZ1 proteins act as negative regulators in the canonical jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. JAZ protein degradation and JAZ gene transcription comprise antagonistic mechanisms that activate and suppress JA signaling. Here, RNA-seq analysis revealed that abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and GmJAZ1 genes are inversely regulated compared to glyceollin biosynthesis at late timepoints following elicitation, identifying them as potential long-term negative regulators. Long-term ABA treatment increased GmJAZ1 transcript levels, whereas an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor completely suppressed their upregulation by dehydration. Opposite patterns were observed for glyceollin biosynthesis. RNAi silencing of GmJAZ1s prevented the suppression of glyceollin biosynthesis by long-term dehydration stress and derepressed glyceollin synthesis in non-elicited tissues. Overexpressing GmJAZ1–9 in hairy roots elicited with Phytophthora sojae wall glucan elicitor partially suppressed short-term elicitation of glyceollin biosynthesis. The GmJAZ1–9 protein interacted with GmNAC42–1, inhibiting its transactivation and DNA-binding activities. JAZ1 silencing in Arabidopsis and grapevine derepresses phytoalexin biosynthesis. While the short-term response to pathogen elicitation includes a reduction in ABA levels and JA-mediated JAZ protein degradation, our work demonstrates a subsequent long-term response where ABA upregulates JAZ1 transcript levels by an unknown mechanism and JAZ1 proteins bind NAC42-type transcriptional activators to directly inhibit their transactivation of phytoalexin biosynthesis. • GmJAZ1 proteins suppress glyceollin biosynthesis by binding and inhibiting the NAC-family transcription factor GmNAC42–1. • Silencing GmJAZ1 genes derepresses glyceollin biosynthesis in non-elicited soybean. • The JAZ1-NAC42 protein-protein interaction is conserved among soybean, Arabidopsis , and grapevine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".