A236 BOTH METABOLIC UNHEALTHINESS AND OBESITY ARE REQUIRED TO INCREASE GALLSTONE DISEASE RISK: A LARGE-SCALE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Obesity and metabolic unhealthiness are well-known risk factors of gallstones. However, as obesity and metabolic health are closely related, it is difficult to differentiate its effects. Aims The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between metabolic health status, obesity, and gallstone disease. Methods We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of subjects undergoing health screening at a university hospital. Subjects with abdominal ultrasonography and fasting insulin results were included. Subjects were classified into 4 groups based on metabolic and obesity criteria: metabolically healthy nonobese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy nonobese (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Gallstone disease was defined as those with gallstones on ultrasonography or a history of cholecystectomy. Multivariable analysis was used to identify gallstone disease risk factors with MHNO subjects as reference. Results We included 12,052 subjects (6,014 MHNO, 1,662 MHO, 2,211 MUNO, 2,165 MUO). There were 568 subjects with gallstones and 241 with prior cholecystectomy history. The prevalence of gallstone disease was 5.5% in MHNO, 7.1% in MHO, 7.2% in MUNO, and 9.2% in MUO. Gallstone disease risk was significantly increased in the MUO group (OR 1.449, 95% CI 1.198-1.752, P<0.001). but showed only a tendency in the MHO group (OR, 1.219, 95% CI, 0.976–1.522, P=0.080) and was insignificant in the MUNO group (OR, 0.989, 95% CI, 0.808–1.211, P=0.917). Older age significantly increased gallstone disease risk, but alcohol consumption was protective. When metabolic unhealthiness and obesity were analyzed separately, obesity significantly increased gallstone disease risk while metabolic unhealthiness did not. Conclusions We demonstrated that gallstone disease risk was significantly increased only in those with both metabolic unhealthiness and obesity. Funding Agencies None
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".